Agroecology is often perceived merely as a collection of techniques or practices. Yet, truly understanding their relevance and potential application requires insight into the social context in which agriculture unfolds. In particular, it is essential to consider the political and economic conditions that have given rise to the unsustainable farming methods that agroecology seeks to replace. This presentation explores the social dimensions of agroecology in Laos, delivered at the 1st National Multi-Stakeholder Workshop on Agroecological Transition in the Mekong Region, Vientiane, 2–3 June 2016.