Local authorities in Vietnam’s mountainous provinces face a dual challenge: how to sustainably develop both crop and livestock sectors despite constraints on land, water, and funding. Vietnam’s target of applying organic fertilizers to 25-30% of cultivated land, with 30% of the fertilizer used being organic by 2030, adds urgency to the search for integrated and resource-efficient solutions. The Forage-Silage-Compost (FSC) model provides a practical, low-cost approach (~USD 200/household) to enhance self-sufficiency in animal feed and support on-farm organic fertilizer production. Livestock development strategies in these regions should include forage production, manure management and composting as core components. Public support must be rebalanced to address crop and livestock systems equitably, particularly in marginalized upland areas
