This report reviews Vietnam’s policy and legal frameworks related to farmer-managed seed systems (FMSS), biodiversity conservation, and seed governance. The study finds that while Vietnam has strengthened formal seed regulation, certification, and biodiversity management, existing laws and policies remain highly centralized and mainly support commercial and science-based seed systems. Farmer-managed seed systems, which play a vital role in conserving indigenous crop varieties, local adaptation, food security, and climate resilience, are still poorly recognized in national regulations. The report analyzes major legal instruments including the Law on Crop Production (2018), the Law on Biodiversity (2008), and related decrees and circulars. It highlights barriers such as complex certification procedures, limited legal recognition of community seed systems, and weak support for farmer participation. Case studies from northern Vietnam demonstrate that community seed banks, seed clubs, participatory breeding, school gardens, and local conservation initiatives can strengthen livelihoods, agrobiodiversity, and seed security. The report recommends policy reforms that formally recognize FMSS, simplify seed registration procedures, support community seed organizations, and integrate local knowledge into national biodiversity and agricultural strategies.
