The chapter examines the role of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in social development in Vietnam, particularly within its ethnically diverse and climate-vulnerable context. IK is recognized as a foundation for livelihoods, cultural identity, and community resilience. It contributes significantly to natural resource management, sustainable agriculture, healthcare, and climate change adaptation. Practices such as customary forest governance, traditional medicine, indigenous farming systems, and spiritual beliefs support environmental protection and strengthen social cohesion. IK also creates livelihood opportunities through cultural tourism and local products. Despite its value, IK faces threats from modernization and globalization. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating IK into policies, education systems, and development programs to enhance sustainability and effectiveness. It highlights that empowering local communities and preserving traditional knowledge systems are essential for achieving long-term social and environmental resilience in Vietnam.
