The Lao uplands have long been recognized for their rich agro-biodiversity. Home to globally important species of animals, plants, and micro-organisms, this agro-biodiversity is the legacy of the upland farmers’ agricultural knowledge and practices passed down over generations. Towards the end of the 20th century and the start of this one, the agrarian transition and the integration of Laos into the regional and global economy brought economic opportunity to upland communities. It also brought challenges and contradictions for traditionally subsistence farmers and threats to the biodiversity of the region.
