The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) initiated the pilot phase of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Programme from 1993 to 1995 after The Environment and IPM€ workshop which was held at the Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh. At that time Cambodia joined 12 other Asian countries as part of the FAO Inter-Country Programme in Rice IPM in South and Southeast Asia with technical assistance and financial support from FAO (under TCP arrangements), IDRC and IRRI. FAO supported Cambodia in the implementation of a Season-long Training of Trainers Course (TOT), a Farmer Trainer Orientation Course (FTOC) and several Farmer Field Schools (FFS) in 1996 before Cambodia joined the FAO Southeast Asia Regional Vegetable IPM Programme (GCP/RAS/168/AUL) in 1997.