This publication is a Lao-language guidebook on agroecology, jointly developed by the National University of Laos and several research institutions with support from ALiSEA, GRET, and AFD. The content is systematically organized into six chapters, covering fundamental concepts of ecosystems and biological communities as well as advanced principles of agricultural biodiversity and upland agroecological systems. The handbook also examines the relationship between modern agricultural development and natural resource conservation, offering strategies to optimize production while promoting sustainable environmental management.